MedlinePlus Genetics (US National Library of Medicine) Androgenetic alopecia — MedlinePlus GeneticsDescribes the pattern of loss in men and women, states that variations in the AR gene appear to make androgen receptors more easily stimulated by androgens, and says plainly that it remains unclear how those genetic changes increase risk. Also records the association with polycystic ovary syndrome in women.
American Academy of Dermatology Do you have hair loss or hair shedding?Separates shedding from loss — the distinction this page is built on. Supports the position that sudden diffuse shedding after illness, childbirth or stress is a different problem from patterned thinning.
American Academy of Dermatology Hair loss: Diagnosis and treatmentSets out how hereditary hair loss is diagnosed and what the treatment options are, including the point that not everyone responds and that more study is needed for several device-based approaches.
DailyMed, US National Library of Medicine PROPECIA (finasteride) tablet, film coated — prescribing informationThe label used on this page for four things only: that this oral 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor is indicated in men and not indicated for use in women; that effectiveness could not be demonstrated in the postmenopausal women studied; that women who are or may become pregnant must not handle crushed or broken tablets; and that the molecule reduces DHT formation without binding the androgen receptor itself. US labelling; Indian products carry their own approved labelling.
StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf (US National Library of Medicine) Androgenetic AlopeciaA clinician-facing reference describing androgenetic alopecia as a genetically predetermined condition driven by an excessive response to androgens, and setting out the assessment and comorbidity screening that belongs with it.
How we evaluate evidence: manufacturer and regulator sources are read from the publisher’s own site rather than from marketplaces or aggregators; a claim that cannot be traced to a named source is not published; where sources disagree, the disagreement is published rather than resolved in favour of whichever is more convenient; and no DOI, trial, quotation, statistic or endorsement is ever invented. Note that the prescribing information cited here is US labelling. Products marketed in India carry their own approved labelling, which may differ, and regulatory status changes over time — this page is date-stamped for that reason. Read our evidence methodology, editorial policy and medical review policy.
AndrogenA group of hormones including testosterone and dihydrotestosterone that influence a range of tissues, hair follicles among them.
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)An androgen formed from testosterone by 5-alpha-reductase, which binds the androgen receptor more strongly than testosterone does.
5-alpha-reductaseThe enzyme that converts testosterone into DHT. It exists as more than one isoenzyme with different distributions in the body.
Androgen receptorThe intracellular receptor that androgens bind to. Genetic variation here is associated with how strongly a follicle responds.
Androgenetic alopeciaPatterned hair loss influenced by androgens in genetically predisposed people. Covers both male pattern hair loss and female pattern hair loss.
MiniaturisationThe progressive shift of a follicle towards producing finer, shorter, less pigmented hair over successive growth cycles.
Dermal papillaThe structure at the base of the follicle that signals to the cells producing the hair fibre.
AnagenThe growing phase of the hair cycle. Shortening of this phase is what miniaturisation looks like in cycle terms.
Telogen effluviumDiffuse shedding, usually a couple of months after a trigger such as illness, surgery, childbirth or rapid weight loss. Not androgen-driven.
Scarring alopeciaA group of conditions in which follicles are destroyed and replaced by scar tissue. Loss in affected skin is permanent, which makes early assessment time-critical.
Terminal hairFull-calibre, pigmented scalp hair, as opposed to the fine vellus-like hair that miniaturised follicles produce.
Cosmetic density productA product that changes the appearance of density on the day it is applied, without acting on the follicle.
Prescribing informationThe approved labelling for a medicine, which states its indications, contraindications, warnings and studied effects.
ContraindicationA circumstance in which a treatment should not be used at all, as distinct from a caution.